The district court here properly denied Laboa’s habeas petition because even if the confession of another participant in the crimes had been suppressed for use in Laboa’s trial, the result would not have been different. The redacted portion of the confession added nothing to the evidence against Laboa. As a result the use of Denney’s confession did not result in actual prejudice under Brecht v. Abrahamson (1993) 507 U.S. 619, 637.