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Illegal Detention–Does Discovery of a Parole or Probation Search Condition Remove Taint Under the Attenuation Doctrine

(1) Is the discovery of a parole or probation search condition an intervening circumstance that removes the taint of an illegal detention under the attenuation doctrine? (2) What constitutes purposeful and flagrant police misconduct under the attenuation doctrine analysis? Held: As a general rule, evidence seized as a result of an unlawful search or seizure is inadmissible against the defendant…

Case: People v. McWilliams (2023) 14 Cal.5th 429
Case Number: S268320/H045525
Updated: 20230223
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Whether Defendant Was Detained When Officer Shone a Spotlight on Defendant’s Parked Car and Ordered Passenger to Stay Near Car

Was defendant unlawfully detained when the arresting officer used his spotlight to illuminate defendant's parked car and then directed a passenger who exited the car to remain outside and stay on the sidewalk near the car? Held: A sheriff's deputy patrolling after dark saw three people sitting in a legally parked car in a residential neighborhood, smoking something. He pulled…

Case: People v. Tacardon (2022) 14 Cal.5th 235
Case Number: S264219
Updated: 20221229
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Continuing Hearing on Motion to Suppress When Denying Continuance Would Result in Dismissal

Did the trial court err in granting the People's motion under Penal Code section 1050 to continue the hearing on a motion to suppress evidence, when it was reasonably foreseeable that denying the continuance would result in a dismissal of the case but the People otherwise failed to show good cause for a continuance? Held: "This case involves a motion…

Case: People v. Brown (2023) 14 Cal.5th 530
Case Number: S271877/H048462
Updated: 20230327
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Community Caretaking Exception to the Warrant Requirement and the Home

Whether the “community caretaking” exception to the Fourth Amendment’s warrant requirement extends to the home. Held: Decades ago, this Court held that a warrantless search of an impounded vehicle for an unsecured firearm did not violate the Fourth Amendment. Cady v. Dombrowski, 413 U. S. 433, 93 S. Ct. 2523, 37 L. Ed. 2d 706 (1973). In reaching this conclusion,…

Case: Caniglia v. Strom (2021) __ U.S. __ [141 S.Ct. 1596]
Case Number: 20-157
Updated: 20210517
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Does Pursuing a Person Suspected of Committing a Misdemeanor Categorically Qualify as an Exigent Circumstance Sufficient for a Warrantless Home Search

Whether the pursuit of a person whom a police officer has probable cause to believe has committed a misdemeanor categorically qualifies as an exigent circumstance sufficient to allow the officer to enter a home without a warrant. Held: The Fourth Amendment ordinarily requires that police officers get a warrant before entering a home without permission. But an officer may make…

Case: Lange v. California (2021) ___U.S.___ [141 S.Ct. 2011]
Case Number: 20-18
Updated: 20210623
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Is Unsuccessful Attempt to Detain Suspect by Use of Physical Force a “Seizure”

Police officers shot Petitioner, but she drove away and temporarily eluded capture. In this excessive force suit, the district court granted summary judgment for the officers on the ground that no Fourth Amendment “seizure” occurred. The Tenth Circuit affirmed, reasoning that an officer’s application of physical force is not a seizure if the person upon whom the force is applied…

Case: Torres v. Madrid (2021) __ U.S. __ [141 S.Ct. 989].
Case Number: 19-292
Updated: 20210325
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Detention Based on Avoiding Contact With Police in High Crime Neighborhood

Briefing in People v. Flores (2021) 60 Cal.App.5th 978, review granted 4/21/2021, was initially deferred pending decision in People v. Tacardon (2022) 14 Cal.5th 235. On 7/26/2023, the court ordered briefing on the following issue: Was defendant’s detention supported by reasonable suspicion that he was engaged in criminal activity? Held: Police officers detained defendant, Marlon Flores, on a dark evening…

Case: People v. Flores (2024) 15 Cal.5th 1032
Case Number: S267522
Updated: 20240502
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Is loose marijuana in a car an open container violation, and does this affect the probable cause analysis?

The issues to be briefed and argued are as follows: 1. Does the presence of 0.36 grams of loose marijuana on the floor of a vehicle constitute an open container violation under Health & Safety Code, section 11362.3, subdivision (a)(4)? 2. Does the answer to this question affect whether there was probable cause for a warrantless vehicle search under the…

Case: Sellers v. Superior Court (2026) 19 Cal.5th 75
Case Number: S287164/C100036
Updated: 20260129
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Whether the emergency-aid exception requires probable cause.

Whether law enforcement may enter a home without a search warrant based on less than probable cause that an emergency is occurring, or whether the emergency-aid exception requires probable cause. Held:  The objective reasonableness standard in Brigham City v. Stuart (2006) 547 U.S. 398, which permits warrantless home entries to render emergency aid, applies without "further gloss" and was satisfied…

Case: Case v. Montana (2026) 607 U.S. 107 [146 S.Ct. 500]
Case Number: 24-624
Updated: 20260114
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Whether the execution of the geofence warrant violated the Fourth Amendment.

Whether the execution of the geofence warrant violated the Fourth Amendment. Held: Use of a geofence warrant is a search for Fourth Amendment purposes. Expanding Carpenter v. United States (2018) 585 U.S. 296, the majority held that an individual has a reasonable expectation of privacy in their cell-phone location information.  Following the robbery of a credit union, police served Google with…

Case: Chatrie v. United States (2026) 609 U.S. __ [146 S.Ct. 2193]
Case Number: 25-112
Updated: 20260629
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Reasonable articulable suspicion sufficient to justify a seizure.

In assessing whether an officer had reasonable suspicion to seize the defendant, the totality of the circumstances analysis precludes the “evaluation and rejection” of “factors in isolation from each other.” Reasonable articulable suspicion existed sufficient to justify the seizure of R.W. where (1) the officer received a radio dispatch call regarding a suspicious vehicle at a specified address, (2) the…

Case: District of Columbia v. R.W. (2026) 608 U.S. 22 [146 S.Ct. 1069]
Case Number: 25-248
Updated: 20260420
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